What is Bordetella (Kennel Cough) in dogs?
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a bacterium that is closely related to respiratory disease in dogs. It is one of the components of the canine infectious respiratory complex, sometimes referred to as kennel cough, upper respiratory infection, or infectious tracheobronchitis.
Canine facilities, such as daycare centers, boarding kennels, dog shows, parks, and training classes, often require dogs to be vaccinated against Bordetella. This is because the Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria is the most common cause of kennel cough in dogs.
Keep in mind, that Bordetella is not the only cause of kennel cough in dogs, however, it is the most common.
How Dogs Contract Bordetella
Dogs in areas with a higher, more concentrated population of dogs (such as those mentioned above) are more likely to come into contact with this virus and develop signs of an upper respiratory infection.
Inhaling bacterial particles is the main way in which a dog will catch Bordetella. When these particles enter the respiratory tract, dogs can experience an inflamed windpipe or voice box.
Some situations can increase the likelihood of a dog catching diseases caused by the bacterium. These include:
- Staying in a poorly ventilated living space (such as certain kennels)
- Colder temperatures
- Exposure to dust or smoke
- Stress (often brought on by travel issues)
Bordetella in Dogs Symptoms
Kennel cough in dogs primarily presents itself as a persistent, dry cough. Some people say that the sound of this cough resembles that of a goose's honk.
Other signs of a Bordetella infection to keep an eye out for include:
- Eye discharge
- Less of an appetite
- A consistently runny nose
- Fever
How Vets Diagnose Bordetella in Dogs
Vets typically diagnose Bordetella in dogs through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests. The most common diagnostic method is a nasal swab or tracheal wash to collect samples for testing. Additionally, some vets may recommend blood tests or chest X-rays to rule out other respiratory infections or complications.
Treating Dogs With Bordetella
Fortunately, many Bordetella cases resolve themselves without the need for treatment. If you're concerned about your dog's cough and decide to take it to the vet, they may prescribe antibiotics to help them recover faster. Always take the full dose of any medication prescribed by your veterinarian.
Vaccines are also available to prevent your dog from developing this condition. Your vet can administer vaccines against these diseases either by injection or via nose drops. These vaccinations are generally required if you wish to board your pet overnight.
Bordetella Vaccine for Dogs
The Bordetella vaccine for dogs protects against this specific virus and is widely available to keep your dog safe from kennel cough. You may have heard it called the “kennel cough vaccine.”
If your dog visits dog parks, boarding facilities, dog daycares, training classes, or dog shows, they are at risk of contracting Bordetella. Many of these facilities require dogs to show proof of Bordetella vaccination, so getting the vaccine is in your dog's best interests in terms of health and extracurricular activities.
Bordetella Vaccine Side Effects in Dogs
If you're wondering 'How long is the Bordetella vaccine good for in dogs?', the vaccine is typically administered annually, although boarding facilities or pet hospitals may recommend it every six months.
Vaccines are generally very safe, but the benefits must be balanced against the risks. If your dog is immunocompromised, sick, or pregnant, your veterinarian may advise against getting the Bordetella vaccine; they will also discuss the risks and benefits of the vaccine for dogs with a history of vaccine reactions.
Note: The advice provided in this post is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice regarding pets. For an accurate diagnosis of your pet's condition, please make an appointment with your vet.